C
Freshers / Beginner level questions & answers
Ques 1. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.
Ques 2. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
You never use System. Array directly. You can store items whose data type is equivalent to, or derived from, the data type of the array. This means that you can store multiple data types, provided that they derive from a common base type, or implement a common interface.
Ques 3. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.
Ques 4. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
Ques 5. What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?
HashTable.
Ques 6. What’s class SortedList underneath?
A sorted HashTable.
Ques 7. Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?
Yes.
Ques 8. What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
Ques 9. Can multiple catch blocks be executed?
No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
Ques 10. Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
Ques 11. What’s a delegate?
A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method. In C++ they were referred to as function pointers.
Ques 12. What’s a multicast delegate?
It’s a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods.
Ques 13. How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?
Assembly versioning allows the application to specify not only the library it needs to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.
Ques 14. What are the ways to deploy an assembly?
An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
Ques 15. What’s a satellite assembly?
When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.
Ques 16. What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?
System.Globalization, System.Resources.
Ques 17. What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
Ques 18. How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
Compile it with a /doc switch.
Ques 19. What’s the difference between and XML documentation tag?
XML documentation tag?Single line code example and multiple-line code example.
Ques 20. Is XML case-sensitive?
Yes, so
Ques 21. What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK?
CorDBG – command-line debugger, and DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
Ques 22. What does the This window show in the debugger?
It points to the object that’s pointed to by this reference. Object’s instance data is shown.
Ques 23. What does assert() do?
In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
Ques 24. What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class?
Documentation looks the same. Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
Ques 25. Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?
The tracing dumps can be quite verbose and for some applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive there. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing to fine-tune the tracing activities.
Ques 26. Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?
To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
Ques 27. How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?
Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
Ques 28. What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing?
Positive test cases (correct data, correct output), negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling), exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
Ques 29. Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?
Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
Ques 30. Explain the three services model (three-tier application).
Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).
Ques 31. What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET?
SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix, but it’s a .NET layer on top of OLE layer, so not the fastest thing in the world. ODBC.NET is a deprecated layer provided for backward compatibility to ODBC engines.
Ques 32. What’s the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections?
It returns a read-only dataset from the data source when the command is executed.
Ques 33. What is the wildcard character in SQL? Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La.
The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
Ques 34. Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions.
Transaction must be Atomic (it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions), Consistent (data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t), Isolated (no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction), Durable (the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after).
Ques 35. What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support?
Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and passwords).
Ques 36. Which one is trusted and which one is untrusted?
Windows Authentication is trusted because the username and password are checked with the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted, since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
Ques 37. Why would you use untrusted verificaion?
Web Services might use it, as well as non-Windows applications.
Ques 38. What does the parameter Initial Catalog define inside Connection String?
The database name to connect to.
Ques 39. What’s the data provider name to connect to Access database?
Microsoft.Access.
Ques 40. What does Dispose method do with the connection object?
Deletes it from the memory.
Ques 41. What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling?
Multiple processes must agree that they will share the same connection, where every parameter is the same, including the security settings.
Most helpful rated by users:
- What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
- Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
- What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
- How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
- What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?
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