Django Interview Questions and Answers

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Freshers / Beginner level questions & answers

Ques 1. What is Django?

Django is an open-source web development framework based on the Python language, allowing Python developers to create database-driven websites. It was introduced in 2003 at the Lawrence journal-world newspaper. This popular framework is maintained by a non-profit organization named Django Software Foundation (DSF). Later, in 2005, Django was made available publicly under the 3-clause BSD license.

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Ques 2. How to create a Django project?

Step 1: Create a project

django-admin startproject hello_world_project

Step 2: Change directory to hello_world_project

cd hello_world_project

Step 3: Create a new file views.py and write the function view for hello world

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

#views.py:

#hello world view

def hello_world(request):

return HttpResponse("Hello World")

Step 4: Edit the urls.py file to route the url for hello world view

#urls.py:

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from .views import hello_world

urlpatterns = [

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path('', hello_world, name="hello-world")

]

Step 4: Run the server using python manage.py runserver command

python manage.py runserver

The above steps are the simplest way to write a hello world program in Django.

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Ques 3. What are the advantages of Django?

Most developers prefer Django due to its dominance in the market, as it shows high computational and statistical capabilities. The following are some of the advantages of Django:

Django follows Python’s ‘batteries included’ trait. Python is generally referred to as ‘batteries included’ because it has a unified standard library, helping developers use readymade packages to add features to a web project.
Most of the packages in Python’s standard library are open-source. With these packages, you can even implement authentication, admin interfacing, session management, and other advanced functionalities.
Python and Django are core technologies in IT giants, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blue chip companies. Therefore, learning it would help you establish a lucrative career.
Security is yet another advantage of using the Django framework. Applications developed on Django are protected against SQL injection, clickjacking, XSS and CSRF attacks, etc.
The built-in template language of Django promotes the process of building applications.
Django enables developers to create applications and configure frameworks on the go. Also, it offers support for external libraries and packages. Django focuses on explicit programming, allowing the developers to create applications that require frequent changes.
It helps in faster development and is thus used by most companies. If the configuration is correct, then you can use Django for optimizing web applications.
Django has a REST framework, a python library, that helps develop APIs for many applications. Using these APIs, you can add advanced functionalities to your applications.
Django comes with ML capabilities and libraries such as PyTorch, NumPy, etc.

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Ques 4. What are the disadvantages of Django?

Despite many advantages, developers still find it challenging to make the transition. The following are some disadvantages of using the Django framework:

Django lacks conventions that can be followed by developers for web development.
It is not ideal for smaller projects having fewer requirements because it has a vast structure and heavy functionalities
The Django framework is monolithic, i.e., developers have to work on the given patterns

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Ques 5. What are the different applications of Django?

Below are some types of projects that you can create using the Django framework:

Financial platforms with various features, such as analyzing and calculating output based on the data
Customized CRM system for the internal data
B2B CRM system, helping you handle the communications within an organization
Shopping websites
Real-estate property evaluation system
System for managing documents
Creating an emailing system for sending notifications
Verification system based on photos
Platforms for managing investment funds

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Ques 6. What are the features of Django?

The following are the best features of the Django framework:

Compared to other Python frameworks, Django has the best documentation available in the market
It is a Python-based framework that offers all Python libraries for use in an application to add extra functionality
Django primarily maintains a website using URLs rather than its IP address on the server, making it easier for SEO engineers to add the website to the servers
It is highly versatile and scalable
Django is highly secure and thoroughly tested
It also ensures rapid development

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Ques 7. Describe the Django architecture.

Django follows the Model-View-Template(MVT) architecture based on a popular Model-View-Controller(MVC) architectural pattern, which is followed by popular web-frameworks like Ruby on Rails, Laravel etc.

Django’s Model-View-Template architecture divides the complete application into three major logical components:

Model
View
Template

All these three components are responsible for handling the different aspects of the web application.

Model: The models handle the database schema for the web applications. It maintains and represents the complete application data into the database. The default relational database used by the model is SQLite which is generally used in development, but in production we can use the MySQL and Postgres.

View: The view component manages all the logic of the application that we want to render on the user’s browser. In Django, the view acts as a bridge between the models and the templates. In the views, we can fetch the data from the models and render it on the template.

Template: The template component is the collection of static parts of the application such as the HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Image files. The view uses the template as the base on which the data should be presented, because at the end, the web-application uses the static files to represent the content on the user browser.

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Ques 8. What is the project directory structure in Django?

The following is the project directory structure in Django:

manage.py: It is a command-line utility, allowing users to interact with their Django project
__init__.py: An empty file specifying Python to consider the current directory as a Python package
settings.py: It contains the necessary configurations of the project, such as DB connections
urls.py: It holds all the URLs of a project
wsgi.py: It is an application’s entry point used by web servers to serve the project

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Ques 9. What are the components of the Django architecture?

The architecture of Django consists of the following components:

Models: It specifies the database schema and the data structure
Views: It controls what a user will see, the view used to retrieve the data from appropriate models, implement calculation on the data, and pass it to the desired template
Templates: It specifies how the user sees it. It describes how the data received from the views should be formatted to display on a page
Controller: The Django framework and URL parsing

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Ques 10. What does it mean to say that Django is monolithic?

Django is based on the MVT architecture, and since Django is the controller of the architecture, it has defined some rules that all developers need to follow to execute appropriate files at the right time.

In Django, you get great customizability with implementation. But you are not allowed to make changes to the file names, the predefined lists, and variable names. You have to create the new ones, but you can’t make changes to the predefined variables.

The monolithic behavior helps the developers to understand the project easily. Even if the company changes, the project layout will remain the same. Therefore, developers take less time to understand the code, increasing productivity.

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Ques 11. What is the use of the djangopackages.org website?

In Django, the packages website is the place where all the third-party applications are uploaded. You can install them in your system.

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Ques 12. What popular websites use Django?

Django is a compelling framework and is used by various renowned organizations. Some of the highly trafficked websites using Django are:

Instagram
Pinterest
Disqus
Mozilla
Bitbucket
YouTube
Spotify
NASA
Eventbrite

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Ques 13. What are the applications of middleware in Django?

The following are some applications of middleware in Django:

Session management
User authentication
Cross-site request forgery protection
Content gzipping

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Ques 14. What is the manage.py file in Django?

Whenever you create a project, the manage.py file is automatically created. This is a command-line utility, helping you to interact with your Django project. It performs the same work as Django-admin and sets the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable to point to your project’s settings. It is better if you use manage.py instead of Django-admin if you are working on a single project.

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Ques 15. What is the response cycle in Django?

Whenever a user requests a web page, Django will create an HttpRequest object containing the important metadata about that request. After that, Django will load a particular view, passing the HttpRequest as its first argument to the view function. Each view then returns an HttpResponse object.

The following are the steps that take place when a request is received by Django:

Firstly, the settings.py file, which contains various middleware classes, is loaded
All the middleware classes get executed in the same order in which they are mentioned
Now, the request will be moved to the URL Router. The URL Router gets the URL path from the request and later tries to map with the given URL paths within the urls.py.
After mapping, it calls the equivalent view function, from where the corresponding response is generated.
The response now passes through the response middleware and is sent back to the client/browser

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Ques 16. What types of exception classes are there in Django?

The following are the exception classes available in Django:

Exception	Description
AppRegistryNotReady	Raised when we try to use models before the app loading process.
ObjectDoesNotExist	Base class for DoesNotExist exceptions.
EmptyResultSet	Raised if a query does not return any result.
FieldDoesNotExist	Raised if the requested field does not exist.
MultipleObjectsReturned	A query will raise this exception if only one object is expected, but multiple objects are returned.
SuspiciousOperation	Raised when a suspicious operation has been performed by the user.
PermissionDenied	Raised when a user does not have an appropriate permission to perform a specified action.
ViewDoesNotExist	Raised by django.urls if the requested view does not exist.
MiddlewareNotUsed	Raised if a middleware is not used in the server configuration.
ImproperlyConfigured	Raised if Django is somehow improperly configured.
FieldError	Raised if there is a problem with a model field.
ValidationError	Raised if the data validation fails to form or model field validation.

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Ques 17. What are the specific Django field class types?

Field class types specify the following:

The database column type.
The default HTML widget for availing while rendering a form field.
The minimal validation requirements used in Django admin that helps in automatically generated forms.

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Ques 18. Which companies use Django?

The following is a list of some companies that use Django:

PBS
Instagram
Mozilla
The Washington Times
Disqus, Bitbucket
NextDoor
YouTube
Pinterest
DISCUS

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