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Core Java Interview Questions and Answers

Question: What is concurrency in java?
Answer:

Concurrency is the ability to run several programs or several parts of a program in parallel. If a time consuming task can be performed asynchronously or in parallel, this improve the throughput and the interactivity of the program.

A modern computer has several CPU's or several cores within one CPU. The ability to leverage these multi-cores can be the key for a successful high-volume application.

Concurrency Issues:

Threads have their own call stack, but can also access shared data. Therefore you have two basic problems, visibility and access problems.

A visibility problem occurs if thread A reads shared data which is later changed by thread B and thread A is unaware of this change.

An access problem can occur if several thread access and change the same shared data at the same time.

Visibility and access problem can lead to

  • Liveness failure: The program does not react anymore due to problems in the concurrent access of data, e.g. deadlocks.

  • Safety failure: The program creates incorrect data.

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