面试题与答案

The 'init?' initializer is a failable initializer, which means it can return nil if the initialization fails.

The 'async/await' pattern is used for asynchronous programming in Swift, allowing you to write asynchronous code in a more sequential manner.

Protocol-oriented programming is a programming paradigm in Swift that emphasizes the use of protocols to define the structure and behavior of types.

The '@escaping' keyword is used in Swift to indicate that a closure passed as a parameter to a function may be stored beyond the lifetime of that function.

The 'defer' statement is used to execute a block of code just before the current scope is exited, regardless of how the scope is exited.

Swift is a modern, safer, and more concise language compared to Objective-C. It introduces optionals, type inference, generics, and is memory-safe with Automatic Reference Counting (ARC).

Swift does not support multiple inheritance directly. Instead, it uses protocols to achieve similar functionality through protocol-oriented programming.

Generics with associated types allow you to define protocols with placeholders for associated types, enabling you to use generic types conforming to the protocol.

In Swift, KVO is achieved using the '@objc dynamic' modifier for properties and the 'addObserver(_:forKeyPath:options:context:)' method.

Method swizzling is a technique used to exchange the implementation of methods at runtime. It's often used for extending or modifying the behavior of existing classes.

Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) to manage memory, but memory leaks can still occur if strong reference cycles are created. Common causes include strong reference cycles between objects.