面试题与答案

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. Methods include straight-line, declining balance, and units of production.

Example:

If a machine costs $10,000 and has a useful life of 5 years, the annual straight-line depreciation is $2,000.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination.

Example:

If a company is acquired for $1 million, and the fair value of its assets is $800,000, the goodwill is $200,000.

EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization, representing a company's operating performance without certain non-operating expenses.

Example:

If a company has revenue of $500,000, expenses of $300,000, and depreciation of $50,000, the EBITDA is $250,000.

Amortization is the process of allocating the cost of intangible assets over their useful life, similar to depreciation for tangible assets.

Example:

If a company acquires a patent for $50,000 with a useful life of 10 years, the annual amortization expense is $5,000.

Materiality refers to the significance or importance of financial information, guiding accountants in determining what information to disclose or omit.

Example:

A small accounting error may be considered immaterial, while a large error impacting financial statements is material.

Consistency requires a company to use the same accounting principles and methods from one period to the next, ensuring comparability of financial statements.

Example:

If a company changes its depreciation method, it should disclose the change and its impact on financial statements.

The quick ratio measures a company's ability to meet short-term obligations using its most liquid assets (excluding inventory) and is calculated by dividing quick assets by current liabilities.

Example:

If a company has quick assets of $200,000 and current liabilities of $100,000, the quick ratio is 2.