30 Top Interview Questions and Answers (2024)

Ques 1

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction involves hiding the unnecessary details while encapsulation involves bundling the data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

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Ques 2

Explain the concept of abstract classes.

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods. Subclasses must implement these abstract methods.

Example:

abstract class Shape {
  abstract calculateArea();
}

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Ques 3

What is the difference between composition and inheritance?

Composition involves combining objects to create more complex ones, while inheritance involves creating a new class by inheriting properties and behaviors from an existing class.

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Ques 4

Explain the concept of multiple inheritance.

Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from more than one superclass. Some languages support it directly, while others provide alternatives like interfaces.

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Ques 5

What is a friend class in C++?

In C++, a friend class is a class that is not a part of the class hierarchy but is granted access to the private and protected members of another class.

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Ques 6

What is the SOLID principle in OOP?

SOLID is an acronym for five design principles in OOP: Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion. These principles aim to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

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Ques 7

What is the diamond problem in the context of multiple inheritance?

The diamond problem occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common ancestor. It can lead to ambiguity in the inheritance hierarchy, especially if the common ancestor has members.

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Ques 8

Explain the term 'covariant return type' in OOP.

Covariant return type allows a method in a subclass to return a more derived type than the method in the base class. It is a feature supported by some programming languages, including C++ and Java.

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Interview Questions and Answers

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Interview Questions and Answers

Experienced / Expert level questions & answers

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

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Explain the concept of abstract classes.

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What is the difference between composition and inheritance?

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Explain the concept of multiple inheritance.

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What is a friend class in C++?

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What is the SOLID principle in OOP?

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What is the diamond problem in the context of multiple inheritance?

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Explain the term 'covariant return type' in OOP.

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