面试题与答案

Blockchain is a distributed ledger that records all transactions across a network of computers. In the case of Bitcoin, it is used to secure and verify transactions, creating a transparent and tamper-resistant history of all transactions.

Mining is the process by which new bitcoins are created and added to the circulating supply. It involves solving complex mathematical problems using computational power, and miners are rewarded with bitcoins for their efforts.

The block reward is the reward given to a miner for successfully adding a new block to the blockchain. It consists of newly created bitcoins and transaction fees.

Nodes are computers that participate in the Bitcoin network. They validate and relay transactions, maintain a copy of the blockchain, and help secure the network by following the consensus rules.

The Lightning Network is a layer-2 scaling solution for Bitcoin that enables faster and cheaper transactions by conducting most transactions off-chain and settling the final result on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin has a maximum supply of 21 million coins, which is hardcoded into its protocol. This scarcity is designed to mimic the scarcity of precious metals like gold and is intended to control inflation.

Segregated Witness is a protocol upgrade that separates transaction signatures from the transaction data, increasing the block size limit and addressing certain scalability issues in the Bitcoin network.

Double-spending is the risk of a digital currency being spent more than once. Bitcoin solves this problem by using a decentralized network and a consensus mechanism based on proof-of-work to validate and confirm transactions.

A full node is a computer that maintains a complete copy of the Bitcoin blockchain and validates transactions independently. It enhances the security and decentralization of the network.

Halving is an event that occurs approximately every four years, reducing the reward that miners receive for adding a new block to the blockchain by half. It is programmed to control the issuance of new bitcoins.

The genesis block is the first block in the Bitcoin blockchain, mined by Bitcoin's creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. It serves as the foundation for the entire blockchain.

Multisignature is a security feature that requires multiple private keys to authorize a bitcoin transaction. It adds an extra layer of security by distributing control among multiple parties.

A BIP, or Bitcoin Improvement Proposal, is a design document that provides information to the Bitcoin community or describes a new feature for Bitcoin or its processes. It is the standard way of introducing new ideas.

Fungibility refers to the property of interchangeable units. In the context of Bitcoin, it means that each bitcoin is indistinguishable from every other bitcoin, ensuring that they are all of equal value.

A soft fork is a backward-compatible upgrade to the Bitcoin protocol that tightens the rules for valid blocks. It does not require all participants to upgrade their software but encourages miners to adopt the new rules.