Interview Questions and Answers
Intermediate / 1 to 5 years experienced level questions & answers
Ques 1. What is Amazon S3?
Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a scalable object storage service that allows users to store and retrieve data over the internet. It is designed for durability and high availability.
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Ques 2. Explain the difference between EC2 and Lambda.
EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a virtual server in the cloud, allowing users to run applications. Lambda is a serverless computing service, executing code in response to events without the need to provision or manage servers.
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Ques 3. What is the purpose of Amazon VPC?
Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) enables users to launch Amazon Web Services (AWS) resources in a logically isolated section of the cloud. It provides network customization, security, and control.
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Ques 4. Explain the concept of Auto Scaling in AWS.
Auto Scaling automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances in a group based on defined conditions. It helps maintain application availability and allows for dynamic resource allocation.
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Ques 5. What is AWS Lambda function?
AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the computing resources. It allows developers to focus on writing code without managing servers.
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Ques 6. What is the purpose of Amazon RDS?
Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) is a managed relational database service that makes it easier to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud.
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Ques 7. Explain the significance of AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM).
IAM allows users to control access to AWS resources securely. It provides authentication and authorization mechanisms, allowing organizations to manage users and permissions.
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Ques 8. What is the AWS Shared Responsibility Model?
The Shared Responsibility Model defines the security responsibilities between AWS and the customer. AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud infrastructure, while customers are responsible for securing their data and applications.
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Ques 9. What is Amazon SNS?
Amazon SNS (Simple Notification Service) is a fully managed messaging service that enables the decoupling of microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications.
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Ques 10. Explain the purpose of Amazon CloudWatch.
Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service that provides data and actionable insights for AWS resources. It helps monitor applications, respond to system-wide performance changes, and optimize resource utilization.
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Ques 11. Explain the concept of Elastic Load Balancing (ELB).
Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in one or more availability zones.
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Ques 12. What is Amazon ECS?
Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service) is a fully managed container orchestration service that allows running, stopping, and managing Docker containers on a cluster.
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Ques 13. Explain the purpose of AWS CloudFormation.
AWS CloudFormation is a service that allows users to define and provision AWS infrastructure as code. It enables the automated creation and management of resources.
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Ques 14. What is AWS Key Management Service (KMS)?
AWS KMS is a managed service that makes it easy for users to create and control the encryption keys used to encrypt their data. It integrates with other AWS services for secure data storage and processing.
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Ques 15. Explain the concept of Amazon EBS.
Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) provides block-level storage volumes for use with EC2 instances. It allows users to create and attach storage volumes to EC2 instances for data storage.
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Ques 16. What is AWS Lambda Layers?
Lambda Layers allow sharing code and data across multiple Lambda functions. It helps in managing common dependencies and reducing duplication of code across functions.
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Ques 17. Explain the purpose of Amazon Route 53.
Amazon Route 53 is a scalable and highly available Domain Name System (DNS) web service. It provides reliable and cost-effective domain registration, DNS routing, and health checking of resources.
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Ques 18. What is Amazon DynamoDB?
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. It is suitable for applications that require low-latency data access.
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Ques 19. Explain the concept of AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a fully managed service that makes it easy to deploy and run applications in multiple languages. It abstracts infrastructure management and allows developers to focus on writing code.
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Ques 20. What is AWS CloudTrail?
AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of AWS accounts. It provides a history of AWS API calls for an account.
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Ques 21. Explain the purpose of AWS Glue.
AWS Glue is a fully managed extract, transform, and load (ETL) service that makes it easy to prepare and load data for analysis. It automatically discovers, catalogs, and transforms data.
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Ques 22. Explain the concept of Amazon Aurora.
Amazon Aurora is a fully managed relational database engine compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL. It provides high performance, availability, and durability, with automatic scaling.
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Ques 23. What is Amazon SQS?
Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service) is a fully managed message queuing service that enables decoupling and scaling of microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications.
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Ques 24. Explain the purpose of AWS Direct Connect.
AWS Direct Connect enables users to establish a dedicated network connection from their on-premises data center to AWS. It provides a more consistent and reliable network experience than internet-based connections.
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Ques 25. What is the AWS Marketplace?
The AWS Marketplace is an online store that allows users to find, buy, and immediately start using software and services that run on AWS. It offers a wide selection of third-party solutions.
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Ques 26. Explain the concept of AWS CloudFront.
AWS CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally. It integrates with other AWS services to provide seamless content delivery.
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Ques 27. What is Amazon Kinesis?
Amazon Kinesis is a platform for streaming data on AWS, allowing users to ingest, buffer, and process real-time data. It includes services like Kinesis Data Streams, Kinesis Data Firehose, and Kinesis Data Analytics.
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Ques 28. Explain the concept of AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) types.
AWS offers three types of Elastic Load Balancers: Application Load Balancer (ALB), Network Load Balancer (NLB), and Classic Load Balancer. ALB operates at the application layer, NLB at the transport layer, and Classic Load Balancer provides basic load balancing across multiple Amazon EC2 instances.
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Ques 29. What is AWS CloudWatch Logs?
AWS CloudWatch Logs is a service for monitoring, storing, and accessing log files from Amazon EC2 instances, AWS CloudTrail, and other cloud resources. It helps in analyzing and troubleshooting system issues.
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Ques 30. Explain the purpose of Amazon KMS Customer Master Keys (CMKs).
Amazon KMS Customer Master Keys (CMKs) are used to encrypt and decrypt data. They provide centralized control over cryptographic operations and can be used to create, rotate, and disable data encryption keys.
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Ques 31. What is the AWS SDK, and how is it used in application development?
The AWS SDK (Software Development Kit) provides libraries, code samples, and documentation for developers to build applications that interact with AWS services. It supports multiple programming languages and facilitates seamless integration with AWS resources.
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Ques 32. Explain the purpose of AWS S3 Glacier.
AWS S3 Glacier is a low-cost storage service designed for archiving data with long retrieval times. It is suitable for infrequently accessed data that requires long-term storage and durability.
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Ques 33. What is AWS CloudHSM?
AWS CloudHSM (Hardware Security Module) is a cloud-based hardware security module that provides secure key storage and cryptographic operations. It helps in meeting compliance requirements for data encryption.
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Ques 34. Explain the concept of AWS Direct Connect Gateway.
AWS Direct Connect Gateway allows connecting multiple virtual private clouds (VPCs) to a single Direct Connect connection. It simplifies the network architecture and enables centralized management of connections.
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Ques 35. What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment tiers?
AWS Elastic Beanstalk supports two environment tiers: Web Server Environment and Worker Environment. The Web Server Environment is designed for web applications, while the Worker Environment is suitable for background processing tasks.
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Ques 36. Explain the purpose of AWS Step Functions.
AWS Step Functions is a serverless orchestration service that allows users to coordinate and sequence AWS services in workflows. It helps in building scalable and resilient applications.
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Ques 37. What is Amazon Redshift?
Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service that allows users to run complex queries on large datasets. It is designed for high-performance analysis using SQL queries.
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Ques 38. Explain the concept of AWS Cloud9.
AWS Cloud9 is an integrated development environment (IDE) in the cloud. It supports various programming languages and allows collaborative coding with features like real-time collaboration and shared development environments.
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Ques 39. What is AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall)?
AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits. It allows users to control access to their content by creating custom rules and policies.
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Ques 40. Explain the purpose of AWS OpsWorks.
AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that helps automate the deployment and scaling of applications. It uses Chef or Puppet for defining and managing stacks and layers.
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Ques 41. What is Amazon ECS Fargate?
Amazon ECS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers. It allows users to run containers without managing the underlying infrastructure, providing a fully managed and scalable solution.
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Ques 42. Explain the significance of AWS Snowball.
AWS Snowball is a service that facilitates the transfer of large amounts of data to and from the AWS cloud using physical appliances. It is designed for situations where internet transfer is not practical.
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Ques 43. What is AWS DataSync?
AWS DataSync is a service for transferring data between on-premises storage and Amazon S3 or Amazon EFS. It provides fast and secure data transfer with automatic encryption.
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Ques 44. Explain the concept of AWS CodePipeline.
AWS CodePipeline is a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) service that automates the build, test, and deployment phases of the release process. It supports integration with multiple AWS and third-party tools.
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Ques 45. What is AWS CloudFormation StackSets?
AWS CloudFormation StackSets allow users to create, update, or delete stacks across multiple accounts and regions with a single CloudFormation template. It is useful for managing resources at scale.
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Ques 46. Explain the purpose of AWS Lambda@Edge.
Lambda@Edge allows running Lambda functions at AWS locations globally, near the CloudFront edge locations. It helps in customizing content delivery and responding to viewer requests.
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Ques 47. What is AWS AppConfig?
AWS AppConfig is a service that enables users to quickly roll out application configurations across applications hosted on Amazon EC2 instances, containers, and Lambda functions. It supports validation and versioning of configurations.
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Ques 48. Explain the concept of AWS Elemental MediaConvert.
AWS Elemental MediaConvert is a file-based video transcoding service that supports a wide range of video formats. It allows users to convert media files for delivery to various devices.
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Ques 49. What is Amazon DocumentDB?
Amazon DocumentDB is a fully managed document database service that is compatible with MongoDB. It provides high performance, scalability, and availability for MongoDB workloads.
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Ques 50. Explain the purpose of AWS Device Farm.
AWS Device Farm is a service for testing mobile apps on real devices. It allows users to test their Android and iOS apps on a large selection of physical devices in the AWS cloud.
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Ques 51. What is AWS Systems Manager?
AWS Systems Manager is a management service that helps users automatically collect software inventory, apply OS patches, create system images, and configure Windows and Linux operating systems at scale.
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Ques 52. Explain the concept of AWS Key Management Service (KMS) custom key stores.
AWS KMS custom key stores allow users to control their cryptographic keys using hardware security modules (HSMs) in their own data centers. It provides additional control over the key storage.
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Ques 53. What is AWS App Mesh?
AWS App Mesh is a service mesh that enables users to monitor and control microservices running on AWS. It provides features like traffic management, observability, and security for applications.
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Ques 54. Explain the purpose of Amazon Elastic File System (EFS).
Amazon EFS is a scalable and fully managed file storage service for use with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources. It provides simple, scalable file storage for use with Linux-based systems.
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Ques 55. What is AWS CodeBuild?
AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed continuous integration service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces software packages. It can be integrated with other AWS services for automated software delivery.
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Ques 56. Explain the concept of AWS Snowmobile.
AWS Snowmobile is a data transfer service that helps users move extremely large amounts of data to the AWS cloud. It uses a secure and tamper-evident shipping container.
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Ques 57. What is AWS CloudTrail, and how does it help with security?
AWS CloudTrail is a service that records API calls made on your account. It helps with security by providing visibility into user and resource activity, assisting in compliance audits, and enabling incident response.
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Ques 58. Explain the concept of AWS Lambda Layers.
AWS Lambda Layers allow you to centrally manage code and data that is shared across multiple Lambda functions. It helps in reducing duplication and managing dependencies in serverless applications.
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Ques 59. What is the purpose of Amazon Kinesis Data Streams?
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service for real-time streaming data. It allows you to ingest and process large streams of data in real-time and enables applications to respond dynamically to that data.
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Ques 60. Explain the significance of AWS CloudFormation.
AWS CloudFormation is a service that allows you to define and provision AWS infrastructure as code. It helps in automating the deployment and management of resources in a predictable and consistent way.
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Ques 61. What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)?
Amazon ECS is a fully managed container orchestration service that allows you to run and scale containerized applications. It integrates with other AWS services like Elastic Load Balancing and IAM.
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Ques 62. Explain the concept of AWS S3 Transfer Acceleration.
AWS S3 Transfer Acceleration allows fast and secure transfers of files to and from Amazon S3. It uses Amazon CloudFront's globally distributed edge locations to accelerate transfers over the public internet.
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Ques 63. What is Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployment?
Amazon RDS Multi-AZ (Availability Zone) deployment is a feature that enhances database availability and durability. It synchronously replicates your database to a standby instance in a different Availability Zone.
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Ques 64. Explain the purpose of AWS Secrets Manager.
AWS Secrets Manager is a service that helps you protect access to your applications, services, and IT resources without the upfront investment and on-going costs of operating your own infrastructure.
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Ques 65. What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a fully managed service that makes it easy to deploy and run applications in multiple languages. It abstracts the underlying infrastructure, allowing developers to focus on writing code.
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Ques 66. Explain the concept of Amazon VPC Peering.
Amazon VPC Peering enables you to connect one VPC with another via a direct network route using private IP addresses. It allows resources in different VPCs to communicate as if they are within the same network.
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Ques 67. What is AWS Lambda Cold Start?
AWS Lambda Cold Start refers to the delay in the execution of a Lambda function that occurs when it is invoked for the first time or after it has been idle. It is the time taken to initialize the resources needed for the function.
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Ques 68. Explain the concept of AWS Direct Connect.
AWS Direct Connect is a network service that provides dedicated network connections from your on-premises data centers to AWS. It offers reliable, secure, and low-latency connections for large data transfers.
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Ques 69. What is Amazon VPC Flow Logs?
Amazon VPC Flow Logs capture information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your VPC. It helps in troubleshooting, monitoring, and analyzing network traffic patterns.
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Ques 70. Explain the purpose of AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) listeners.
ELB listeners define the protocol and port for a load balancer. They specify how the load balancer routes traffic to instances in different target groups based on the rules you configure.
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Ques 71. What is AWS Elasticache?
AWS ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store service compatible with Redis or Memcached. It is used to improve the performance of web applications by allowing them to retrieve data quickly from a fast, managed, in-memory caching system.
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Ques 72. Explain the concept of AWS Step Functions.
AWS Step Functions is a serverless orchestration service that enables you to coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. It helps in building scalable and resilient applications.
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Ques 73. What is AWS Cloud9?
AWS Cloud9 is a cloud-based integrated development environment (IDE) that allows you to write, run, and debug code with just a web browser. It supports multiple programming languages and collaborative coding.
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Ques 74. Explain the purpose of Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service).
Amazon EKS is a fully managed Kubernetes service that makes it easy to deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications using Kubernetes. It simplifies the process of running Kubernetes on AWS.
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Ques 75. What is AWS Marketplace?
The AWS Marketplace is an online store that allows you to find, buy, and immediately start using software and services that run on AWS. It offers a wide selection of third-party solutions across various categories.
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Ques 76. Explain the concept of AWS Lambda Destinations.
AWS Lambda Destinations allow you to configure additional processing or logging when your Lambda function is invoked. It helps in decoupling the function's execution from the logic of downstream processing.
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Ques 77. What is AWS Snowball Edge?
AWS Snowball Edge is a data transfer and edge computing device with built-in storage and compute capabilities. It is used for transferring large amounts of data to and from the AWS cloud and for running edge computing workloads.
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Ques 78. Explain the purpose of AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall).
AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits. It allows you to control access to your content and applications by creating custom rules.
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Ques 79. What is AWS CodeArtifact?
AWS CodeArtifact is a fully managed artifact repository service that allows you to securely store, publish, and share software packages used in your development process. It supports popular package formats.
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Ques 80. Explain the concept of AWS Storage Gateway.
AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that connects on-premises environments with cloud-based storage. It enables seamless integration of on-premises applications with cloud storage.
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Ques 81. What is AWS X-Ray?
AWS X-Ray is a distributed tracing service that helps developers analyze and debug production, distributed applications. It provides insights into performance bottlenecks and issues in microservices architectures.
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Ques 82. Explain the purpose of AWS CloudFront.
AWS CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally. It helps in improving the performance and scalability of web applications.
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Ques 83. What is Amazon SNS (Simple Notification Service)?
Amazon SNS is a fully managed messaging service that enables decoupling of microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications. It allows you to send messages or notifications to a distributed set of recipients.
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Ques 84. Explain the concept of AWS Lambda Provisioned Concurrency.
AWS Lambda Provisioned Concurrency allows you to ensure a specified number of execution environments are always available for your function. It helps in reducing the impact of cold starts.
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Ques 85. What is AWS Fargate?
AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that allows you to run containers without managing the underlying infrastructure. It abstracts away the infrastructure management tasks.
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Experienced / Expert level questions & answers
Ques 86. What is the AWS Well-Architected Framework?
The AWS Well-Architected Framework provides a set of best practices for building secure, high-performing, resilient, and efficient infrastructure for applications. It includes design principles and guidance.
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Ques 87. What is the AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM)?
AWS SAM is an open-source framework for building serverless applications. It extends AWS CloudFormation to provide a simplified way of defining the Amazon API Gateway APIs, AWS Lambda functions, and Amazon DynamoDB tables needed by your serverless application.
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