Salesforce Interview Questions and Answers
Intermediate / 1 to 5 years experienced level questions & answers
Ques 1. Explain the difference between a role and a profile in Salesforce.
In Salesforce, a profile is a collection of settings and permissions that determine what a user can access, while a role defines the hierarchical level of data access within an organization.
Ques 2. What is an Apex trigger, and when would you use it?
An Apex trigger is a piece of code that runs before or after records are inserted, updated, or deleted in Salesforce. It's used to perform custom actions and logic on record changes.
Ques 3. Explain the difference between a workflow rule and a process builder in Salesforce.
Both workflow rules and process builders automate standard internal procedures, but process builder provides a more powerful and flexible way to define processes with a visual representation.
Ques 4. What is the difference between a formula field and a roll-up summary field?
A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression, while a roll-up summary field is used to aggregate values from related records, such as calculating the sum or count of child records.
Ques 5. How does Salesforce handle security and access control?
Salesforce uses a role hierarchy, profiles, and permission sets to control access to data and features. The role hierarchy defines data access levels, profiles determine object and field-level permissions, and permission sets grant additional access.
Ques 6. What is the difference between a SOQL and a SOSL query in Salesforce?
SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language) is used to query records from a single object, while SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) is used to search for records across multiple objects.
Ques 7. Explain the use of the @future annotation in Apex.
The @future annotation in Apex is used to run a method asynchronously in the background, typically for long-running operations that would otherwise exceed governor limits.
Ques 8. What is the difference between a custom controller and a controller extension in Visualforce?
A custom controller is a standalone Apex class that provides controller logic for a Visualforce page, while a controller extension is used to extend the functionality of a standard or custom controller.
Ques 9. How can you schedule a job in Salesforce?
You can schedule a job in Salesforce using the Apex Scheduler. This involves using the System.schedule method to specify a time and frequency for executing a piece of Apex code.
Ques 10. What is the difference between a full sandbox and a developer sandbox?
A full sandbox is a replica of your production org, including all data, configurations, and customizations, while a developer sandbox is a copy of your production org with a smaller subset of data and configurations.
Ques 11. Explain the purpose of the Salesforce Lightning Component Framework.
The Salesforce Lightning Component Framework is a UI framework for developing dynamic web apps for mobile and desktop devices. It allows developers to build reusable components that can be used in the Lightning Experience.
Ques 12. What is the difference between a trigger and a workflow rule?
A trigger is a piece of Apex code that runs in response to a database event, while a workflow rule is a declarative tool used to automate standard internal procedures to save time across your org.
Ques 13. Explain the use of the @AuraEnabled annotation in Salesforce.
@AuraEnabled is used to expose Apex methods to Lightning components. It allows client-side JavaScript in Lightning components to call server-side Apex controller methods.
Ques 14. How does Salesforce support multi-language and multi-currency functionality?
Salesforce provides translation workbench for multi-language support and supports multi-currency functionality by allowing organizations to define multiple currencies and set conversion rates.
Ques 15. Explain the difference between a trigger and a process builder in Salesforce.
A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after a record is inserted, updated, or deleted, while a process builder is a point-and-click tool used to automate business processes.
Ques 16. Explain the concept of sharing rules in Salesforce.
Sharing rules in Salesforce are used to extend access to records that meet certain criteria. They can be used to grant read or read/write access to specific users or groups of users.
Ques 17. What is the difference between a trigger and a validation rule in Salesforce?
A trigger is an Apex code that performs complex calculations and manipulations on data, while a validation rule is a declarative way to enforce data quality by restricting certain values or combinations of values.
Ques 18. Explain the concept of data skew in Salesforce and how to address it.
Data skew in Salesforce occurs when a small number of records are associated with a large number of child records. It can lead to performance issues. Addressing data skew involves using best practices, such as proper indexing and data archiving.
Ques 19. Explain the difference between a trigger and a batch class in Salesforce.
A trigger is an Apex code that runs in response to a database event, while a batch class is used for processing large sets of records asynchronously. Triggers are designed for real-time events, while batch classes are used for bulk processing.
Ques 20. What is the purpose of the 'Schema.SObjectType' class in Apex?
The 'Schema.SObjectType' class in Apex is used to dynamically access metadata for an object, such as fields, child relationships, and other object properties. It allows developers to create generic code that works with various objects.
Ques 21. Explain the difference between a before trigger and an after trigger in Salesforce.
A before trigger in Salesforce runs before the record is saved to the database, allowing developers to modify the record before it is committed. An after trigger runs after the record is saved, enabling actions based on the final state of the record.
Ques 22. Explain the use of the 'WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED' clause in SOQL queries.
The 'WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED' clause in SOQL queries is used to enforce field- and object-level security in Apex code. It ensures that queries respect the current user's permissions and visibility.
Ques 23. What is the purpose of the 'Test.startTest()' and 'Test.stopTest()' methods in Apex testing?
'Test.startTest()' and 'Test.stopTest()' methods in Apex testing are used to separate the execution context for the part of the code that precedes 'startTest()' and the part that follows 'stopTest()'. This is helpful for testing asynchronous code and resetting governor limits.
Ques 24. What is the purpose of the 'System.runAs()' method in Apex testing?
The 'System.runAs()' method in Apex testing is used to run a block of code with the specified user context. It is often used to test code that depends on user permissions and profiles.
Ques 25. Explain the concept of a junction object in Salesforce.
A junction object in Salesforce is a custom object with two master-detail relationships. It is used to model many-to-many relationships between two objects. Junction objects are commonly used in complex data models.
Ques 26. Explain the use of the 'Database.upsert()' method in Apex.
The 'Database.upsert()' method in Apex is used to insert or update records based on a specified external ID. It allows developers to perform upsert operations in a single call, reducing the number of DML statements.
Ques 27. What is the purpose of the 'force:recordData' Lightning component in Salesforce?
The 'force:recordData' Lightning component in Salesforce is used to create, read, and update records without writing Apex code. It provides a declarative way to interact with record data in Lightning components.
Ques 28. Explain the difference between a trigger and a scheduled job in Salesforce.
A trigger in Salesforce is executed in response to a database event, while a scheduled job is a piece of Apex code that is scheduled to run at a specific time or on a recurring basis using the 'Schedulable' interface.
Ques 29. What is the purpose of the 'Queueable' interface in Apex?
The 'Queueable' interface in Apex is used to implement asynchronous processing. It allows developers to offload long-running tasks to a separate job queue, avoiding synchronous processing delays.
Ques 30. Explain the difference between a static resource and a public folder in Salesforce.
A static resource in Salesforce is a collection of files that can be referenced in Visualforce pages, Lightning components, and Apex code. A public folder is used to store and share reports and dashboards with groups of users.
Ques 31. What is the purpose of the 'System.runAs()' method in Apex testing?
The 'System.runAs()' method in Apex testing is used to run a block of code with the specified user context. It is often used to test code that depends on user permissions and profiles.
Ques 32. What is the purpose of the 'System.runAs()' method in Apex testing?
The 'System.runAs()' method in Apex testing is used to run a block of code with the specified user context. It is often used to test code that depends on user permissions and profiles.
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