Microsoft Azure Interview Questions and Answers
Intermediate / 1 to 5 years experienced level questions & answers
Ques 1. What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM) and how does it work?
Azure Resource Manager is the deployment and management service for Azure. It provides a consistent management layer that enables you to deploy and manage resources in Azure. ARM uses templates to define the resources needed for deployment.
Example:
Azure Resource Manager templates are JSON files that define the resources you need to deploy. Example: { 'resources': [{ 'type': 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', 'apiVersion': '2019-06-01', 'name': 'mystorageaccount', 'location': 'eastus', 'sku': { 'name': 'Standard_LRS' } }] }
Ques 2. Explain Azure Virtual Network and its components.
Azure Virtual Network enables you to create private, isolated networks in Azure. Components include subnets, virtual machines, and network security groups. It allows secure communication between Azure resources.
Example:
You can create a virtual network with subnets for different tiers, such as frontend and backend. Example: { 'subnets': [{ 'name': 'frontend', 'addressPrefix': '10.0.1.0/24' }, { 'name': 'backend', 'addressPrefix': '10.0.2.0/24' }] }
Ques 3. What is Azure Blob Storage and how is it different from Azure File Storage?
Azure Blob Storage is for unstructured data, such as documents and images. It's highly scalable. Azure File Storage, on the other hand, is for SMB-based file shares, suitable for use with applications that expect a file share.
Example:
Upload a file to Azure Blob Storage using Azure Storage Explorer or Azure CLI: az storage blob upload -f-c -n
Ques 4. Explain Azure Functions and when to use them.
Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that enables you to run event-triggered code without explicitly provisioning or managing infrastructure. Use it for event-driven scenarios, like data processing, file system monitoring, etc.
Example:
Create a simple Azure Function that triggers on an HTTP request: module.exports = async function (context, req) { context.log('JavaScript HTTP trigger function processed a request.'); context.res = { body: 'Hello ' + (req.query.name || req.body.name || 'Anonymous') }; };
Ques 5. What is Azure Active Directory (AAD) and its role in Azure?
Azure Active Directory is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service. It provides authentication and authorization services, enabling users to securely access Azure resources and other Microsoft Online Services.
Example:
Authenticate a user using Azure AD in a web application: Use Azure AD B2C or B2B for user authentication and authorization.
Ques 6. Explain Azure DevOps and its key components.
Azure DevOps is a set of development tools that help teams plan, track, and discuss work across the entire development process. Key components include Azure Boards, Azure Repos, Azure Pipelines, Azure Test Plans, and Azure Artifacts.
Example:
Use Azure Pipelines to automate the CI/CD process for a web application: Define a YAML pipeline with build and release stages.
Ques 7. What is Azure SQL Database and how does it differ from traditional SQL Server?
Azure SQL Database is a fully managed relational database service in Azure. It eliminates the need for managing infrastructure and provides features like automatic backups and scaling. It differs from traditional SQL Server by being a Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering.
Example:
Create an Azure SQL Database: Use the Azure portal to provision a new SQL Database with specified settings.
Ques 8. Explain Azure Logic Apps and their use cases.
Azure Logic Apps are a cloud service that helps you automate and orchestrate tasks, workflows, and processes. Use cases include integration with various services, data processing, and automation of business processes.
Example:
Create a Logic App that triggers on a new email and posts the email content to a Slack channel.
Ques 9. Explain Azure Key Vault and its importance in cloud security.
Azure Key Vault is a cloud service for securely storing and managing sensitive information such as secrets, encryption keys, and certificates. It helps in protecting sensitive data and simplifies key management.
Example:
Store and retrieve a secret from Azure Key Vault using Azure CLI: az keyvault secret set --vault-name--name --value
Ques 10. What is Azure Traffic Manager and how does it work?
Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based traffic load balancer that distributes incoming user traffic across multiple Azure regions. It enhances application reliability, availability, and responsiveness.
Example:
Configure Azure Traffic Manager to route traffic to the nearest available Azure region based on geographic location.
Ques 11. Explain the Azure Functions consumption plan and its benefits.
Azure Functions Consumption Plan is a serverless hosting option that automatically scales based on demand. It allows you to pay only for the resources consumed during execution, providing cost-efficiency and scalability.
Example:
Deploy an Azure Function to a Consumption Plan: Specify the plan in the Azure Functions configuration or during deployment.
Ques 12. What is Azure Cognitive Services and how can it be used in applications?
Azure Cognitive Services are APIs and services for adding intelligent features to applications. They include computer vision, speech, language understanding, and more. Use Cognitive Services to enable capabilities like image recognition and natural language processing.
Example:
Integrate Azure Computer Vision into an application to analyze and describe images: Use the Computer Vision API to extract information from images.
Ques 13. Explain the Azure App Service and its key features.
Azure App Service is a fully managed platform for building, deploying, and scaling web apps. It supports multiple programming languages, provides automatic scaling, and integrates with various development tools.
Example:
Deploy a Node.js web app to Azure App Service: Use the Azure CLI or Azure portal to create an App Service and deploy the Node.js app.
Ques 14. Explain Azure Managed Identity and its role in securing applications.
Azure Managed Identity is an identity service that simplifies the secure access to Azure resources. It eliminates the need to store credentials in code and helps applications authenticate to services without exposing secrets.
Example:
Use Managed Identity in an Azure Function to access an Azure Storage Account securely without explicit credentials.
Ques 15. What is Azure Policy, and how can it be used to enforce compliance?
Azure Policy is a service that allows you to create, assign, and manage policies to enforce rules and standards within your Azure environment. It helps ensure compliance with organizational requirements and standards.
Example:
Create an Azure Policy to enforce a naming convention for Azure resources: Define a policy that checks and enforces a specific naming pattern.
Ques 16. What is Azure CDN (Content Delivery Network) and why use it?
Azure CDN is a distributed network of servers that delivers content, such as images and videos, to users from locations closer to them. It improves website and application performance by reducing latency and optimizing content delivery.
Example:
Configure Azure CDN to accelerate the delivery of static content: Create a CDN profile, endpoint, and link it to your storage account or web app.
Ques 17. Explain Azure AD Application Proxy and its benefits.
Azure AD Application Proxy allows you to securely publish internal applications to external users without exposing sensitive information. It provides secure remote access to applications hosted on-premises.
Example:
Publish an on-premises web application using Azure AD Application Proxy: Install and configure the Application Proxy connector on your on-premises server.
Ques 18. What is Azure Blueprints and how does it facilitate governance in Azure?
Azure Blueprints is a service that helps you define and deploy governance artifacts, including resource templates, policies, and role assignments. It allows organizations to create consistent and repeatable environments.
Example:
Create an Azure Blueprint for a standard virtual network architecture: Define the network components, policies, and configurations in the Blueprint.
Ques 19. Explain the concept of Azure Bastion and its role in secure remote access.
Azure Bastion is a service that provides secure and seamless Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) and Secure Shell (SSH) access to virtual machines directly through the Azure portal. It eliminates the need for public IP addresses on VMs.
Example:
Connect to an Azure VM using Azure Bastion: Open the Azure portal, navigate to the VM, and click on the 'Connect' button to initiate a remote desktop session.
Ques 20. What is Azure Logic Apps Connectors, and how do they enhance integration capabilities?
Azure Logic Apps Connectors are pre-built, reusable connectors that provide integration with various services and platforms. They simplify the development of workflows by abstracting the underlying API calls and data mappings.
Example:
Use the Azure Blob Storage connector in a Logic App to trigger workflows based on new file arrivals.
Ques 21. Explain Azure Data Factory and its role in data integration.
Azure Data Factory is a cloud-based data integration service that allows you to create, schedule, and manage data pipelines for moving and transforming data across on-premises and cloud environments.
Example:
Create a data pipeline in Azure Data Factory to copy data from on-premises SQL Server to Azure SQL Database.
Ques 22. Explain Azure Synapse Analytics (formerly SQL Data Warehouse) and its key features.
Azure Synapse Analytics is an analytics service that brings together big data and data warehousing. It allows you to analyze large volumes of data using both on-demand and provisioned resources.
Example:
Create a serverless SQL pool in Azure Synapse Analytics and run a query on data stored in Azure Data Lake Storage.
Ques 23. What is Azure Policy Initiative, and how does it differ from Azure Policy?
Azure Policy Initiative is a set of policies that are grouped together to enforce compliance for an entire subscription, management group, or tenant. It provides a way to organize and apply policies at scale.
Example:
Define an Azure Policy Initiative to enforce a set of security and compliance policies across multiple subscriptions.
Ques 24. Explain the Azure Well-Architected Framework and its pillars.
Azure Well-Architected Framework is a set of best practices for building and optimizing applications in the cloud. Its pillars include Cost Optimization, Operational Excellence, Performance Efficiency, Reliability, and Security.
Example:
Conduct a Well-Architected Review for an Azure solution, identifying areas for improvement and optimization.
Ques 25. What is Azure API Management, and how does it simplify API development and management?
Azure API Management is a fully managed API gateway that enables organizations to create, publish, and manage APIs. It provides features such as authentication, authorization, rate limiting, and analytics.
Example:
Publish an API using Azure API Management: Import an OpenAPI Specification or define the API schema, configure policies, and deploy.
Ques 26. Explain Azure Front Door and its benefits for global applications.
Azure Front Door is a global, scalable entry point for web applications that provides secure and fast delivery of content. It offers features like load balancing, SSL termination, and global routing based on health and latency.
Example:
Configure Azure Front Door to distribute traffic across multiple backend pools in different regions to optimize performance.
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