BGP Interview Questions and Answers
Freshers / Beginner level questions & answers
Ques 1. What is BGP?
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information between different autonomous systems (ASes) on the Internet.
Ques 2. Explain the difference between eBGP and iBGP.
eBGP (External BGP) is used between routers in different autonomous systems, while iBGP (Internal BGP) is used between routers within the same autonomous system.
Ques 3. What is the AS_PATH attribute in BGP?
The AS_PATH attribute is used to track the autonomous systems that a route has traversed. It helps prevent routing loops.
Ques 4. What is the purpose of the NEXT_HOP attribute in BGP?
The NEXT_HOP attribute in BGP specifies the next-hop IP address that should be used to reach the destination specified in the BGP route.
Ques 5. How does BGP prevent routing loops?
BGP prevents routing loops by using the AS_PATH attribute and refusing to accept a route if its own AS appears in the AS_PATH list.
Ques 6. What is BGP Confederation Identifier?
BGP Confederation Identifier is a BGP attribute used in BGP confederation to identify the confederation to which a router belongs.
Ques 7. Explain BGP route refresh.
BGP route refresh is a mechanism that allows a BGP router to request an immediate update of its BGP routing table from its peers without tearing down the BGP session.
Ques 8. What is the purpose of the BGP ORIGIN attribute?
The BGP ORIGIN attribute indicates the origin of the route, such as whether it is learned from an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol), or is locally originated.
Ques 9. Explain BGP route withdrawal process.
BGP route withdrawal occurs when a BGP router advertises a prefix with the route's next hop set to an unreachable IP address, effectively withdrawing the route from the routing table.
Ques 10. What is the purpose of the BGP UPDATE message?
The BGP UPDATE message is used to convey routing information between BGP peers. It includes information about new routes, withdrawn routes, and modifications to existing routes.
Ques 11. Explain BGP route advertisement process.
BGP route advertisement involves a router informing its BGP peers about the routes it has learned. This process helps build and update the BGP routing tables across the network.
Ques 12. What is the purpose of the BGP NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information) field?
The BGP NLRI field carries information about the IP prefixes and their associated routing attributes that are being advertised in a BGP UPDATE message.
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