Angular 面试题与答案

问题 46. What is multicasting in Angular?

Multi-casting is the practice of broadcasting to a list of multiple subscribers in a single execution.

Let's demonstrate the multi-casting feature,

var source = Rx.Observable.from([1, 2, 3]);
var subject = new Rx.Subject();
var multicasted = source.multicast(subject);

// These are, under the hood, `subject.subscribe({...})`:
multicasted.subscribe({
  next: (v) => console.log('observerA: ' + v)
});
multicasted.subscribe({
  next: (v) => console.log('observerB: ' + v)
});

// This is, under the hood, `s

问题 47. How do you perform error handling in observables in Angular?

You can handle errors by specifying an error callback on the observer instead of relying on try/catch which are ineffective in asynchronous environment.

For example, you can define error callback as below,

myObservable.subscribe({
  next(num) { console.log('Next num: ' + num)},
  error(err) { console.log('Received an errror: ' + err)}
});

问题 48. What are the utility functions provided by RxJS?

The RxJS library also provides below utility functions for creating and working with observables.

1. Converting existing code for async operations into observables
2. Iterating through the values in a stream
3. Mapping values to different types
4. Filtering streams
5. Composing multiple streams

问题 49. What are observable creation functions in Angular?

RxJS provides creation functions for the process of creating observables from things such as promises, events, timers and Ajax requests. Let us explain each of them with an example:

Create an observable from a promise:

import { from } from 'rxjs'; // from function
const data = from(fetch('/api/endpoint')); //Created from Promise
data.subscribe({
 next(response) { console.log(response); },
 error(err) { console.error('Error: ' + err); },
 complete() { console.log('Completed'); }
});

Create an observable that creates an AJAX request:

import { ajax } from 'rxjs/ajax'; // ajax function
const apiData = ajax('/api/data'); // Created from AJAX request
// Subscribe to create the request
apiData.subscribe(res => console.log(res.status, res.response));

Create an observable from a counter:

import { interval } from 'rxjs'; // interval function
const secondsCounter = interval(1000); // Created from Counter value
secondsCounter.subscribe(n =>
  console.log(`Counter value: ${n}`));

Create an observable from an event:

import { fromEvent } from 'rxjs';
const el = document.getElementById('custom-element');
const mouseMoves = fromEvent(el, 'mousemove');
const subscription = mouseMoves.subscribe((e: MouseEvent) => {
  console.log(`Coordnitaes of mouse pointer: ${e.clientX} * ${e.clientY}`);
  });

问题 50. What will happen if you do not supply handler for observer?

Normally an observer object can define any combination of next, error and complete notification type handlers. If you don't supply a handler for a notification type, the observer just ignores notifications of that type.