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Computer Basics Questions et reponses d'entretien

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Question 1. What is Bit?

A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1. Although computers usually provide instructions that can test and manipulate bits, they generally are designed to store data and execute instructions in bit multiples called bytes. In most computer systems, there are eight bits in a byte. The value of a bit is usually stored as either above or below a designated level of electrical charge in a single capacitor within a memory device.

Half a byte (four bits) is called a nibble. In some systems, the term octet is used for an eight-bit unit instead of byte. In many systems, four eight-bit bytes or octets form a 32-bit word. In such systems, instruction lengths are sometimes expressed as full-word (32 bits in length) or half-word (16 bits in length).

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Question 2. What is Binary?

Binary numbers look strange when they are written out directly.This is because the digits weight increases by powers of 2, rather than by powers of 10. In a digital numeral, the digit furthest to the right is the ones digit; the next digit to the left is the twos digit; next comes the fours digit, then the eights digit, then the 16s digit, then the 32s digit, and so on.The decimal equivalent of a binary number can be found by summing all the digits.For example, the binary 10101 is equivalent to the decimal = 1x2⁰ + 0x2¹ + 1x2² + 0x2³ + 1x2⁴ = 1 + 4 + 16 = 21:

DECIMAL = 21	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
BINARY = 10101	0	0	1	0	1	0	1

The numbers from decimal 0 through 15 in decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal form are listed below.

DECIMAL	BINARY	OCTAL	HEXA- DECIMAL
0	0000	0	0
1	0001	1	1
2	0010	2	2
3	0011	3	3
4	0100	4	4
5	0101	5	5
6	0110	6	6
7	0111	7	7
8	1000	10	8
9	1001	11	9
10	1010	12	A
11	1011	13	B
12	1100	14	C
13	1101	15	D
14	1110	16	E
15	1111	17	F

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Question 3. What is Byte?

A Byte is equal to 8 Bits. A Byte can represent 256 states of information, for example, numbers or a combination of numbers and letters. 1 Byte could be equal to one character. 10 Bytes could be equal to a word. 100 Bytes would equal an average sentence.

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Question 4. What is Driver software?

Driver software is software that works as a translator between another program and some piece of hardware. In the software industry, there are generally standard ways to do things.

There are many different types of hardware, however, and each piece of hardware may have its own protocol (or "language"). The driver software receives standard signals from another program, then translates these into commands for a particular piece of hardware. This way a program can be written in a standard way, and it will work with many different devices.

Example: If you want to run CD-ROM in you computer, you need to install CD-ROM Setup software which is a driver software.

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Question 5. What is Restore?

Restore means to make a window smaller than full screen, so that it can be resized. At the right top corner there are three boxes from left to right it is Minimize - Restore - Close. The middle square box is to restore.

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