Ethical Hacking perguntas e respostas de entrevista

Pergunta 6. What are the tools used for ethical hacking?

The most popular ethical hacking tools are listed below:

• John the Ripper
• Metasploit
• Nmap
• Acunetix
• Wireshark
• SQLMap
• OpenVAS
• IronWASP
• Nikto
• Netsparker

Pergunta 7. What are the various stages of hacking?

There are mainly five stages in hacking:

1. Reconnaissance: This is the primary phase of hacking, also known as the footprinting or information gathering phase, where the hacker collects as much information as possible about the target. It involves host, network, DNS records, and more.
2. Scanning: It takes the data discovered during reconnaissance and uses it to examine the network. 
3. Gaining access: The phase where attackers enter into a system/network using various tools and techniques.
4. Maintaining access: Once hackers gain access, they want to maintain access for future exploitation and attacks. This can be done using trojans, rootkits, and other malicious files.
5. Covering tracks: Once the hackers are able to gain and maintain access, they cover tracks to avoid detection. It involves modifying/deleting/corrupting the value of logs, removing all traces of work, uninstalling applications, deleting folders, and more. 

Pergunta 8. What is a firewall?

A firewall is a network security system that allows or blocks network traffic as per predetermined security rules. These are placed on the boundary of trusted and untrusted networks.

Pergunta 9. What is the difference between encryption and hashing?

Hashing is used to validate the integrity of the content, while encryption ensures data confidentiality and security. Encryption is a two-way function that includes encryption and decryption, while hashing is a one-way function that changes a plain text to a unique digest that is irreversible.

Pergunta 10. What is the difference between IP address and Mac address?

IP address: For every device, an IP address is assigned. The IP address is a number allocated to a connection of a network.

MAC address: A MAC address is a unique serial number assigned to every network interface on every device.  

The major difference is MAC address uniquely identifies a device that wants to take part in a network while the IP address uniquely defines a connection of a network with an interface of a device.