Question: Explain String functions in Javascript.

Answer: a class defines a new type (formally, Abstract Data Type)
encapsulates data (properties) and operations on that data (methods)

a String encapsulates a sequence of characters, enclosed in quotes

properties include
length : stores the number of characters in the string

methods include
charAt(index) : returns the character stored at the given index
(as in C++/Java, indices start at 0)
substring(start, end) : returns the part of the string between the start
(inclusive) and end (exclusive) indices
toUpperCase() : returns copy of string with letters uppercase
toLowerCase() : returns copy of string with letters lowercase


to create a string, assign using new or just make a direct assignment (new is implicit)

word = new String("foo"); word = "foo";

properties/methods are called exactly as in C++/Java

word.length word.charAt(0)