Swift Interview Questions and Answers
Experienced / Expert level questions & answers
Ques 1. What is the purpose of the 'init?' initializer in Swift?
The 'init?' initializer is a failable initializer, which means it can return nil if the initialization fails.
Ques 2. What is the 'async/await' pattern in Swift?
The 'async/await' pattern is used for asynchronous programming in Swift, allowing you to write asynchronous code in a more sequential manner.
Ques 3. Explain the concept of protocol-oriented programming in Swift.
Protocol-oriented programming is a programming paradigm in Swift that emphasizes the use of protocols to define the structure and behavior of types.
Ques 4. What is the purpose of the '@escaping' keyword in Swift?
The '@escaping' keyword is used in Swift to indicate that a closure passed as a parameter to a function may be stored beyond the lifetime of that function.
Ques 5. What is the purpose of the 'defer' statement in Swift?
The 'defer' statement is used to execute a block of code just before the current scope is exited, regardless of how the scope is exited.
Ques 6. What are the key differences between Swift and Objective-C?
Swift is a modern, safer, and more concise language compared to Objective-C. It introduces optionals, type inference, generics, and is memory-safe with Automatic Reference Counting (ARC).
Ques 7. How does Swift handle multiple inheritance?
Swift does not support multiple inheritance directly. Instead, it uses protocols to achieve similar functionality through protocol-oriented programming.
Ques 8. Explain the concept of generics in Swift with associated types.
Generics with associated types allow you to define protocols with placeholders for associated types, enabling you to use generic types conforming to the protocol.
Ques 9. How do you use Key-Value Observing (KVO) in Swift?
In Swift, KVO is achieved using the '@objc dynamic' modifier for properties and the 'addObserver(_:forKeyPath:options:context:)' method.
Ques 10. Explain the concept of method swizzling in Swift.
Method swizzling is a technique used to exchange the implementation of methods at runtime. It's often used for extending or modifying the behavior of existing classes.
Ques 11. How does Swift handle memory leaks, and what are some common causes?
Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) to manage memory, but memory leaks can still occur if strong reference cycles are created. Common causes include strong reference cycles between objects.
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