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Java Multithreading Interview Questions and Answers

The Best LIVE Mock Interview - You should go through before Interview

Intermediate / 1 to 5 years experienced level questions & answers

Ques 1. Explain the difference between Thread and Runnable.

Thread is a class in Java that provides methods to create and perform operations on a thread. Runnable is an interface that must be implemented by a class to be executed by a thread.

Example:

class MyRunnable implements Runnable { 
public void run() 
{ /* Runnable logic */
 } 
}

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Ques 2. How can you achieve synchronization in Java?

You can achieve synchronization in Java using the synchronized keyword or using locks.

Example:

Example using synchronized keyword: 
synchronized void myMethod() { /* Synchronized code */ }

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Ques 3. Explain the concept of thread safety.

Thread safety is a property that ensures that a block of code or a class can be safely executed by multiple threads concurrently without causing data corruption.

Example:

Using synchronized methods or blocks to control access to shared resources.

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Ques 4. What is the Thread Pool in Java?

A Thread Pool is a group of pre-initialized, reusable threads that are available to perform a set of tasks.

Example:

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

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Ques 5. Explain the significance of the volatile keyword in Java.

The volatile keyword in Java is used to indicate that a variable's value may be changed by multiple threads simultaneously.

Example:

volatile int sharedVariable = 0;

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Ques 6. What is a daemon thread in Java?

A daemon thread is a background thread that runs intermittently and is terminated when all non-daemon threads have completed.

Example:

Thread daemonThread = new Thread(() -> { 
/* Daemon thread logic */ }); 
daemonThread.setDaemon(true);

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Ques 7. What is the purpose of the interrupt() method?

The interrupt() method is used to interrupt the execution of a thread. It sets the interrupted flag, causing the thread to stop if it's in a sleeping or waiting state.

Example:

Thread myThread = new Thread(() -> { 
while (!Thread.interrupted()) { 
/* Thread logic */ 
} 
}); 
myThread.start(); 
myThread.interrupt();

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Ques 8. Explain the concept of thread local variables.

Thread-local variables are variables that are local to each thread, and each thread has its own copy of the variable.

Example:

ThreadLocal threadLocalVariable = new ThreadLocal<>(); 
threadLocalVariable.set("Value");

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Ques 9. What is the Executor framework in Java?

The Executor framework provides a higher-level replacement for managing threads. It decouples the task creation and execution, allowing better control over thread management.

Example:

Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); 
executor.execute(() -> { /* Task logic */ });

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Ques 10. What is the purpose of the notify() method in Java?

The notify() method is used to wake up a single thread that is waiting on an object's monitor. It is part of the wait-notify mechanism for inter-thread communication.

Example:

synchronized (sharedObject) { 
sharedObject.notify(); 
}

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Ques 11. How does the ConcurrentHashMap differ from HashMap in terms of multithreading?

ConcurrentHashMap is designed for multithreaded access and allows concurrent reads without blocking, while HashMap is not thread-safe and may lead to inconsistencies in a multithreaded environment.

Example:

ConcurrentMap concurrentMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

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Ques 12. What is the purpose of the AtomicInteger class in Java?

AtomicInteger is a class in Java that provides atomic operations for integer variables, ensuring that operations on the variable are performed atomically without interference from other threads.

Example:

AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0); counter.incrementAndGet();

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Ques 13. Explain the concept of thread starvation.

Thread starvation occurs when a thread is unable to gain access to a resource or the CPU, preventing it from making progress. It is often caused by improper synchronization or priority mismanagement.

Example:

When low-priority threads continuously preempt high-priority threads.

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Ques 14. Explain the concept of the ReadWriteLock interface in Java.

The ReadWriteLock interface provides a lock that allows multiple threads to read a resource simultaneously but only one thread to write to the resource at any given time.

Example:

ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

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Ques 15. What is the purpose of the CompletableFuture class in Java?

CompletableFuture is a class in Java that represents a promise to complete an asynchronous computation. It provides a flexible way to compose, combine, and manage asynchronous operations.

Example:

CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> /* Asynchronous computation */ ).thenApply(result -> /* Process result */ );

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