Chemistry Interview Questions and Answers
Ques 46. What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
Example:
In an orbital, electrons must have opposite spins to obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
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Ques 47. Explain the concept of hybridization in organic chemistry.
Hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals, allowing the formation of strong sigma bonds.
Example:
In methane (CH4), carbon undergoes sp3 hybridization, forming four sigma bonds with hydrogen.
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Ques 48. Define Gibbs free energy and its significance in chemical reactions.
Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure.
Example:
A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction.
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Ques 49. What is a Lewis acid and a Lewis base?
A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor, while a Lewis base is an electron pair donor.
Example:
Boron trifluoride (BF3) is a Lewis acid, accepting a pair of electrons from a Lewis base like ammonia.
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Ques 50. Explain the concept of resonance in chemistry.
Resonance occurs when multiple Lewis structures can be drawn for a molecule, indicating the delocalization of electrons.
Example:
In the carbonate ion (CO3^2-), resonance structures show the distribution of electrons.
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