Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interview Questions and Answers
Ques 21. How does dropout work in neural networks?
Dropout is a regularization technique in neural networks where randomly selected neurons are ignored during training. This helps prevent overfitting by making the network more robust and less dependent on specific neurons.
Example:
During each training iteration, randomly dropping out 20% of neurons in a neural network.
Ques 22. What is the concept of data preprocessing in machine learning?
Data preprocessing involves cleaning, transforming, and organizing raw data into a format suitable for machine learning models. It includes tasks such as handling missing values, encoding categorical variables, and scaling features.
Example:
Converting categorical variables into numerical representations before training a model.
Ques 23. What is a confusion matrix in classification?
A confusion matrix is a table that summarizes the performance of a classification algorithm. It shows the number of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative predictions.
Example:
In a binary classification task, a confusion matrix might show 90 true positives, 5 false positives, 8 false negatives, and 97 true negatives.
Ques 24. What is the role of an optimizer in neural network training?
An optimizer is an algorithm that adjusts the model's parameters during training to minimize the loss function. Common optimizers include stochastic gradient descent (SGD), Adam, and RMSprop.
Example:
Using the Adam optimizer to update the weights of a neural network based on the gradients of the loss function.
Ques 25. What is the importance of cross-validation in machine learning?
Cross-validation is a technique used to assess a model's performance by splitting the dataset into multiple subsets and training the model on different combinations of these subsets. It helps ensure that the model generalizes well to new data and provides a more robust performance evaluation.
Example:
Performing k-fold cross-validation to evaluate a model's accuracy on various subsets of the data.
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