Question: How many different types of JDBC drivers are present? Discuss them.Answer: There are four JDBC driver types.Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge plus ODBC Driver: The first type of JDBC driver is the JDBC-ODBC Bridge. It is a driver that provides JDBC access to databases through ODBC drivers. The ODBC driver must be configured on the client for the bridge to work. This driver type is commonly used for prototyping or when there is no JDBC driver available for a particular DBMS. Type 2: Native-API partly-Java Driver: The Native to API driver converts JDBC commands to DBMS-specific native calls. This is much like the restriction of Type 1 drivers. The client must have some binary code loaded on its machine. These drivers do have an advantage over Type 1 d'rivers because they interface directly with the database. Type 3: JDBC-Net Pure Java Driver: The JDBC-Net drivers are a three-tier solution. This type of driver translates JDBC calls into a database-independent network protocol that is sent to a middleware server. This server then translates this DBMS-independent protocol into a DBMS-specific protocol, which is sent to a particular database. The results are then routed back through the middleware server and sent back to the client. This type of solution makes it possible to implement a pure Java client. It also makes it possible to swap databases without affecting the client. Type 4: Native-Protocol Pure Java Driver: These are pure Java drivers that communicate directly with the vendor's database. They do this by converting JDBC commands directly into the database engine's native protocol. This driver has no additional translation or middleware layer, which improves performance tremendously. What does the "static" keyword mean in front of a variable or a method or a class? static variable: - Means a class level variable static method: -Does not have "this". It is not allowed to access the not static members of the class. can be invoked enev before a single instance of a class is created. eg: main static class: No such thing. static free floating block: It is executed at the time the class is loaded. There can be multiple such blocks. This may be useful to load native libraries when using native methods. eg: native void doThis(){ static{ System.loadLibrary("myLibrary.lib"); } |
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